The Evolution Of Cognitive Skills Essay - 1915 Words

Adults In Cognitive Psychology, there is a concept known as the lifespan approach to development which explains how our cognitive processes changes as we grow older (Matlin, 2013). To â€Å"understand the origins of cognitive skills,† it is important for researchers to study the cognitive processes of both young and old adults (Matlin, 2013, p. 455). However, through the years, many stereotypes have been formed, linking growing older to forgetfulness. For instance, it is believed that as we age, we experience a substantial decline in our cognitive abilities (Matlin, 2013). Such stereotypes may result from sociocultural factors. Nelson (2016), suggests that different cultures have varying views on their aging members. While, some have a positive view on aging other have a negative view (Nelson, 2016). Nonetheless, negative aging stereotypes can cause older adults to believe that they will not pass memory tests. This is known as the stereotype threat effect (Geraci Miller, 2013). In addition, studies conducted on age -related memory performance have demonstrated that older adults tend to receive significantly lower scores than younger adults. However, the article, â€Å"Improving Older Adults’ Memory Performance Using Prior Task Success,† in Psychology And Aging, suggests that experience in completing cognitive tasks can help older adults improve their memory performance (Geraci Miller, 2013). Yet, before the researchers can examine how to improve memory performance in olderShow MoreRelatedOral Language Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pageslanguage). Oral language is language’s original and primary form. It is oral language that evolved in the human species. Oral language arose a long time ago, long enough for evolution to transform it. Writing did not. Writing is a relatively recent invention† (Goody 1986, 1988). â€Å"It has not been around long enough to be a product of evolution†. (Gee, James Paul, and Elisabeth R. Hayes, 2011. ) This could be applied through a teacher’s knowledge in a classroom, by teaching them how to talk, teaching them newRead MoreDiscuss Piagets theory of cognitive development1235 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Discuss Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development Cognitive Development can be defined as the development of thought processes. This includes thinking, concept understanding, problem solving, and decision making and remembering from childhood on to adulthood. There are two theories of Cognitive development that offer us two different ways of understanding it. The first is called Domain general. This theory states that one line of development determines all of the changes in a child’sRead MoreLanguage, Exemplar, And Goodness Of Fit1579 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough it is clear that human language is a very different communication system than those of other species. The jury is still out on the issue of whether language is a really a system different from other human cognitive systems. The status of language is a major issue for cognitive psychology. Human Language The ability to separate the essential aspects of human language from the properties of a particular language can shed light on how language is developed and where the differences come fromRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1591 Words   |  7 Pagesfor GAD includes cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The goal of this treatment is to help the client develop the ability to recognize, eliminate, and correct the dysfunctional assumptions and thoughts being experienced and find coping skills to create new healthy behaviors (Bandelow, Boerner, Kasper, Linden, Wittchen, Moller, 2013). The client who uses CBT for GAD will experience various interventions, which include psychoeducation to inform him or her about the disorder, cognitive strategies toRead MoreEssay about Cognitive Learning and Right Brain vs. Left Brain 950 Words   |  4 Pagesexceptional cognitive learners. They have the ability to observe, mimic and retain information by way of their senses. F rom zero months to five years of age, children are dependent on their cognitive skills to develop and learn within their environment. In my opinion, children are the prime example of the unbound potential that humans to learn. I will be discussing what cognitive learning is and how it contributes to learning and if right versus left-brain dominance impacts how we use our cognitive skillsRead MoreThe History Of Distance Education Can Be Seen In Mid 1940S1103 Words   |  5 Pagesplaces increasing pressure on distance education service providers to provide various support services and to become innovative in providing these services using the various emerging technologies as an option. With the evolution of technology over the past 20 years there has been an evolution in the different forms of student support services and teaching (Dervan, McCosker, MacDaniel O’Nuallain, 2006) that has been made available to students not able to access traditional classroom education. 1.3. DefinitionRead MoreThe Importance Of Academic Writing1024 Words   |  5 Pagesvocabulary but also it turns their communication skill more efficient in all areas. The approach and the way of teaching writing have changed over time due to technological developments, increasing demand for this type of learning, and the need for better-written communication in various environments. As Subeom Kwak explains in Approaches Reflected in Academic Writing MOOCs, in the 1950s writing was focused on linguistics; from the 1960s, a cognitive perspective has helped researchers to determineRead MoreThe Importance Of Academic Writing1158 Words   |  5 Pagesmaterial† (Trafimow et al. 05). In fact, critical thinking, as making objective judgments by well-supported reasons and clear statement arguments, is one of the skills required for almost all careers. For that reason, Academic Writing not only helps students to acquire knowledge and vocabulary but also it turns their communication skill more efficient in all areas. The approach and the way of teaching writing have changed over time; however, the demand for this type of learning has increased, asRead MoreExploring the Schema Theory of Learning Essay513 Words   |  3 PagesTheories of Learning Schema Theory Overview: Schema Theory is part of the cognitive theories of learning module and deals with how the brain processes new knowledge (Chalmers, 2003). Schemata are packets of prior knowledge that have been stored in a learner’s memory. Each learner has developed schemata that are based on prior experience and knowledge. Learners seek to connect new information with prior knowledge and use generalizations to assist in organization of information. Schema Theory isRead MoreThe Importance Of Cognition And Its Impact On Human Cognition1249 Words   |  5 Pagesare mind aptitudes essential to bring out several jobs starting with the easiest to the most challenging. These skills deal with the devices of the ways human beings study, memorize, resolve, and pay notice rather than through genuine knowledge. For instance, everyday activities, like working, involve insight, choice making, motorized skills, verbal skills, and social skills. Cognitive aptitudes are established on particular cells that are a part of the nervous system. For illustration, remembrance

Interpersonal Communication Is An Effective Communicator

Verderber, K, Verderber, R and Berryman-Fink, C. 2010, stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their relationships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (Pg. 5) To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal/communicational skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two pieces of assessment. First position, second position and third position skills were performed. This reflective essay provides a critical analysis of my interpersonal skills developmental process of the three skills listed above; including my strengths, weakness and improvements. When in the receiving position of a conversation, the main aim is to retrieve information from the sender in an understandable and cohesive way; which ultimately creates a meaningful connection between the two people. There are a number of skills involved in effective listening. Bebe, S, Redmond, M. 2009, proposed that, â€Å"Listening is a complex process of selecting, attending to, constructing meaning from, remembering, and responding to verbal and non-verbal messages.† (Pg.66) certain skills such as: following, empathetic or active listening, questioning and reflection of feeling and content are also required to be an effective listener. In workshop one, the skills of attending and non-verbal communicationShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication Is An Effective Communicator1624 Words   |  7 PagesVerderber, K, Verderber, R and Berryman-Fink, C. (2010), stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their rela tionships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (p. 5). To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two pieces of assessmentRead MoreDear Sacramento Chinese Community Service Center,. I Have1409 Words   |  6 PagesDear Sacramento Chinese Community Service Center, I have been recently taking an interpersonal communication course and have discovered a great deal of information that I believe can be extremely beneficial to our agency’s communication effectiveness. I invite you all to think back to one of our previous meetings, do you recall any of the following? A lack of eye contact, a lack of enthusiasm, and frustrated looks on faces? How about an overall sense of discontent so much so that people are disengagedRead MoreAre You a Good Communicatior Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesgood Communicator? Effective Communicator is a vital in the healthcare workplace. It’s the welfare of others and the fundamental that focus and effective communication that is between colleagues that can make the difference in quality and the consistency of care that is delivered to the patients. When people consider themselves to be good communicators, and Identifying the effective communication process it helps to make the determination. (Cheesebro, O ‘Connor amp; Rios, 2010). Effective CommunicationRead MoreCommunication Is The Key Important Skills That A Person Can Possess1280 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is undoubtedly one of the most important skills that a person can possess. Interpersonal communication is the way we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to the people around us. Interpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. It is also a learned skill that can be improved with knowledge, self awareness and practice. In order to be a good communicator we must continually analyze our level of interpersonal communication competenceRead MoreExamining Effective Communication1192 Words   |  5 Pages Examining Effective Communication Communication is a frequent occurrence, yet it is not a simple ordeal. Communication has layers and density. The two primary forms of interpersonal communication are verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication includes the content of speech, as well as factors such as tone of voice, rhythm of speaking, word choice, and emphasis. Experts and researchers in the field of communication assert that nonverbal communication composes moreRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pagesdealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process by replacing humanRead MoreInformation And Ideas Is A Method Of Communication1129 Words   |  5 Pages Trading information and ideas is a method of communication. To be a successful and beneficial member of your workplace it is essential that you become skilled in all of the various ways of communication that are appropriate. The reason of communication is to get your message across to others clearly and with certainty. Doing this includes effort from both the one sending the message and the one receiving it. And it s a procedure that can be filled with error, with messages often misunderstood byRead MoreThe Princip les Of Interpersonal Communication Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageslooking for some advice on communication for your new journey together. I recently completed a class on interpersonal communication and learned a lot of different techniques that may be helpful. I would also like to share some of my own personal experiences as a communicator. Knowing your role as a communicator is important, whether you are the one sending or receiving them. It will also guide you through difficult times if either of you faces a conflict. Communication is a vital part of havingRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory (Paper Rough Draft)1192 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others. I will explain to you the communication phenomenon of EVT, theories, behaviors and context of EVT, as well as how to apply them. Expectancy Violations theory was created by Judee Burgoon in 1978. Since that time, Burgoon and a number of her associates have studied various messages and the influence of non-verbal communication on message production. The theory was originally called Nonverbal Expectancy Violations Theory, butRead MoreThe Strategies For Managing Interpersonal Conflicts, And How Emotions And Nonverbal Communication Can Affect A Relationship1705 Words   |  7 Pagescourse on interpersonal communication. Communication is very important in any type of relationship. Marriage is built on having effective communication with your partner. This letter will explain the strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts, and how emotions and nonverbal communication can affect a relationship. I am excited to share with you some of the things I have learned. Principles of Effective Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication Interpersonal Communication Is An Effective Communicator Verderber, K, Verderber, R and Berryman-Fink, C. (2010), stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their relationships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (p. 5). To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two pieces of assessment. First position, second position and third position skills were performed. This reflective essay provides a critical analysis of my interpersonal skills developmental process of the three skills listed above; including my strengths, weakness and improvements. When in the receiving position of a conversation, the main aim is to retrieve information from the sender in an understandable and cohesive way; which ultimately creates a meaningful connection between the two people. There are a number of skills involved in effective listening. Bebe, S, Bebe, S Redmond, M. 2009, proposed that, â€Å"Listening is a complex process of selecting, attending to, constructing meaning from, remembering, and responding to verbal and non-verbal messages.† (p.66). Certain skills such as: following, empathetic or active listening, questioning and reflection of feeling and content are also required to be an effective listener. In workshops one through to three, non-verbal communication, activeShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication Is An Effective Communicator1574 Words   |  7 PagesVerderber, K, Verderber, R and Berryman-Fink, C. 2010, stated that interpersonal communication is, â€Å"The process through which people create and manage their relationships, exercising mutual responsibility in creating meaning.† (Pg. 5) To be an effective communicator, it is vital that the person possesses and practices effective interpersonal/communicational skills. Over this semester, important interpersonal skills have been developed through a series of six workshops and assessed in two piecesRead MoreDear Sacramento Chinese Community Service Center,. I Have1409 Words   |  6 PagesDear Sacramento Chinese Community Service Center, I have been recently taking an interpersonal communication course and have discovered a great deal of information that I believe can be extremely beneficial to our agency’s communication effectiveness. I invite you all to think back to one of our previous meetings, do you recall any of the following? A lack of eye contact, a lack of enthusiasm, and frustrated looks on faces? How about an overall sense of discontent so much so that people are disengagedRead MoreAre You a Good Communicatior Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesgood Communicator? Effective Communicator is a vital in the healthcare workplace. It’s the welfare of others and the fundamental that focus and effective communication that is between colleagues that can make the difference in quality and the consistency of care that is delivered to the patients. When people consider themselves to be good communicators, and Identifying the effective communication process it helps to make the determination. (Cheesebro, O ‘Connor amp; Rios, 2010). Effective CommunicationRead MoreCommunication Is The Key Important Skills That A Person Can Possess1280 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication is undoubtedly one of the most important skills that a person can possess. Interpersonal communication is the way we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to the people around us. Interpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. It is also a learned skill that can be improved with knowledge, self awareness and practice. In order to be a good communicator we must continually analyze our level of interpersonal communication competenceRead MoreExamining Effective Communication1192 Words   |  5 Pages Examining Effective Communication Communication is a frequent occurrence, yet it is not a simple ordeal. Communication has layers and density. The two primary forms of interpersonal communication are verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication includes the content of speech, as well as factors such as tone of voice, rhythm of speaking, word choice, and emphasis. Experts and researchers in the field of communication assert that nonverbal communication composes moreRead MoreThe Effects Of Inappropriate Interpersonal Communication On Health And Social Care Settings1210 Words   |  5 Pagesdealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individuals in health and social care settings. I am reviewing the methods how to use interpersonal communication to deal with individuals in health and social care settings. Interpersonal communication is defined as the verbal and non-verbal interaction between two interdependent people (occasionally more). This comparatively is an easy definition suggests a variety of properties. Interpersonal communication process by replacing humanRead MoreInformation And Ideas Is A Method Of Communication1129 Words   |  5 Pages Trading information and ideas is a method of communication. To be a successful and beneficial member of your workplace it is essential that you become skilled in all of the various ways of communication that are appropriate. The reason of communication is to get your message across to others clearly and with certainty. Doing this includes effort from both the one sending the message and the one receiving it. And it s a procedure that can be filled with error, with messages often misunderstood byRead MoreThe Princip les Of Interpersonal Communication Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pageslooking for some advice on communication for your new journey together. I recently completed a class on interpersonal communication and learned a lot of different techniques that may be helpful. I would also like to share some of my own personal experiences as a communicator. Knowing your role as a communicator is important, whether you are the one sending or receiving them. It will also guide you through difficult times if either of you faces a conflict. Communication is a vital part of havingRead MoreExpectancy Violation Theory (Paper Rough Draft)1192 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual that defines that individual’s preferred distance from others. I will explain to you the communication phenomenon of EVT, theories, behaviors and context of EVT, as well as how to apply them. Expectancy Violations theory was created by Judee Burgoon in 1978. Since that time, Burgoon and a number of her associates have studied various messages and the influence of non-verbal communication on message production. The theory was originally called Nonverbal Expectancy Violations Theory, butRead MoreThe Strategies For Managing Interpersonal Conflicts, And How Emotions And Nonverbal Communication Can Affect A Relationship1705 Words   |  7 Pagescourse on interpersonal communication. Communication is very important in any type of relationship. Marriage is built on having effective communication with your partner. This letter will explain the strategies for managing interpersonal conflicts, and how emotions and nonverbal communication can affect a relationship. I am excited to share with you some of the things I have learned. Principles of Effective Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication

My Family Essay Paper Example For Students

My Family Essay Paper My family is the core unit of my life. It is where I am understood and therefore able to express myself without the fear of being judged wrongly. Like most typical American families, mine is a nuclear family. It is made up of my father, mother, brother, sister and I. Outline1 My parents2 My siblings3 Why family is important? My parents My dad is the main provider of the family. Growing up, I have seen him working in the construction industry as a building contractor. Due to the nature of his job, we used to travel a lot when we were young. This is no longer the case because we have to attend school. We are often left with our mom whenever he travels. However, when schools close, we sometimes travel with him when he has a project outside our town. My mom, on the other hand, is a kindergarten teacher. She has always been a teacher, and she really loves her job. She started teaching before she got married to my dad. Because her work is well defined, it makes it possible for her to spend time with us. We have come up with family traditions such as having dinner together as a family as we share about how our day has been. This provides a platform for us to discuss our ideas and challenges and how to handle or overcome them. Â  It is through her that we are constantly reminded of the importance of family and why we should always respect each other and build trust among ourselves. My siblings My brother and sister are my closest friends. Since we were young, our parents taught us the value of having a close relationship with each other. We love, respect and trust each other. We also look out for each other. As the eldest, I often find myself entrusted with some responsibilities concerning my siblings. I have to continually ensure that they trust me so that our friendship remains solid. Why family is important? The family is important for numerous reasons. These include: It is the basic unit in the society. The importance of family cannot be underestimated. Â  It is in a family set-up that a child learns the basics of life that are important. They are taught values that sustain them in their entire lives. It is where one learns how to relate to other people. It begins with the relationship one has with their parents. They later relate with their siblings and other members of the extended family before they step out into the world and meet the rest of the people. The family is where learning starts The different types of the family also expose the child to different aspects of life. As the first born in my family, I did not have anyone to play with at home. Spending time with the extended family gave me an opportunity to learn new things that I wouldn’t have learned if I did not interact with them. I learned how to build a relationship with a stranger and also build trust with time until I’m comfortable around them. Families provide a solid foundation for a child. It is in the family set-up that a child develops their personality right from the onset. As they grow up, a child tries to find their footing and being in a family gives them a sense of belonging. The safety in a family gives them confidence as they grow and thrive well into unique persons. One of the key values that are taught and well instilled in children is respect. They are taught to respect not only others but also self. This, in turn, raises their self-esteem and makes it easy for them to relate to other people. Any relationship they build is based on trust as opposed to suspicions because they have been taught well. Religion and other beliefs are passed down. .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .postImageUrl , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:hover , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:visited , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:active { border:0!important; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:active , .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u475d9de24de6e65619a4a6d2d6064a2c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gandhi EssayFor the religious folk, there is no better place to pass down their beliefs from one generation to another, like in a family set-up. From a very young age, children are taught and practice the religion that the parents subscribe to. For some families, there are important generational attributes that are passed down the family. These could be recipes, attire, secrets among others. This brings about a sense of belonging and pride for the family. It also helps build trust as the members are expected to keep it within the family and not disclose to outsiders. In conclusion, while there are many topics that can be outlined, the family unit still holds a special place in society. While more types of family emerge every other day, the place of the family can never be underplayed. It will always remain as the core unit where respect, values, and trust are built. We’re all a product of the family foundation, and therefore, we should strive to ensure that families are allowed to thrive. Together with my fellow college students, we acknowledge the role that the family has played in bringing us this far. I am glad that I have a family that cares for me, and siblings that trust me to walk together through the journey of life, and respect me for who I am and these are important for every individual.

Hotel Management free essay sample

Hotel management and marketing for hospitality excellence and improved profitability â€Å"Handmade Hospitality† hospitality management. â€Å" Our mission is to manage and develop Welcome to HSV Hospitality Management – your complete solution for dynamic hotel management and marketing your hotel using our extensive experience, resources, international alliances and high-level expertise. Our dedication, commitment and passion to deliver on our promises allow you to optimise your investment while being released from daily management responsibilities. You can then enjoy the peace of mind to explore new ventures and opportunities Craig Seaman â€Å" H SV Hospitality Management provides hotel and resort owners with turnkey management and marketing solutions. It leverages our strength, experience and track record of having creatively and effectively addressed the challenges facing the hospitality industry and business in general. As such you will be supported by a sophisticated infrastructure and a highly experienced management team who understands how to tackle and resolve the core issues of optimizing revenue across the spectrum – from increasing room sales, upgrading F B revenue, maximizing meeting and conference opportunities and enhancing the unique image and positioning of your property. We invite you to read this brochure because it opens the door to many of the unique advantages and benefits that ou will enjoy as a result of the skills, resources and world-wide exposure that HSV Hospitality Management can provide. HSV Hospitality Management 3 We are committed to providing you with expert management services to optimise your return on investment W ith our experience, expertise and resources at your disposal, you have the assurance that your hotels and resorts are in safe hands. †¢ We help you develop realistic goals for your properties and put them into practice. We will analyse the market and create an effective business plan. You will be provided with detailed and imaginative marketing plans and suggested capital improvements where appropriate. †¢ You will receive periodic reports on progress, and we will point out areas needing attention. †¢ We will ensure that physical maintenance and capital improvements are carried out. †¢ Your staff will become highly motivated through proven human resource techniques that encourage a sense of belonging. †¢ We improve your hotel’s profitability by passing on the ull discounts we achieve through our volume purchasing capabilities. †¢ Your sales will be optimised through a professional, planned sales effort, as well as marketing and strategic partnerships. †¢ You will have access to dynamic marketing tools. †¢ You will enjoy affordable, realistic fees that include a base management fee, an incentive management fee, term lengths and cancellation clauses designed to suit your budget. We are dedicated to growing the value and prof itability of the assets entrusted to us by our clients. The relationship starts with a series of discussions and initial property visits through which we gain a complete understanding of the buildings and their facilities, their condition, the market environment, operating procedures and existing personnel. Using this information, we present you with a proposal that will enable us to manage your hotels or resorts more effectively and economically so that you can optimise the return on your investment. 4 HSV Hospitality Management Core benefits Freedom from day-to-day management issues †¢ Regular and relevant reports to assist decision-making †¢ Exceptional human resource skills to ensure the best staff selection and continuity of expertise †¢ Emphasis on achieving optimal Revenue Per Available Room (RevPAR) †¢ Sustained drive to enhance guest satisfaction †¢ Service standards at the highest international level †¢ Proven expert revenue management †¢ Global distribution network which is the most powerful i n the world †¢ Trustworthy financial systems and controls †¢ World-class management systems †¢ Access to the very latest hotel e-marketing technology †¢ Focused and sophisticated e-commerce presence We operate at the highest international level with complete peace of mind Y ou will have the benefit of a full service contract with HSV Hospitality Management which will cover every aspect of operational services. Not only will you have peace of mind in the knowledge that your property is being managed optimally towards increased profitability, but you will also be relieved of the responsibility for having to carry out the often difficult tasks of: †¢ Recruiting the hotel manager and other key staff †¢ Carrying out financial management, legal and accounting matters †¢ Managing human resources †¢ Providing technical support Our management team has extensive experience in managing hotels at the highest level. We have your interests at heart and our contract promise represents years of experience in satisfying clients like yourself. The contract embodies the principles of dedicated service and commitment and is a solid way of optimising your investment return and capital growth. A viable business plan to help your business thrive You will receive a comprehensive and highly effective business plan, based on our wealth of experience. We prepare such a plan for each hotel we manage, and it incorporates details such as the hotel’s market environment, capital improvement needs and operating history. You will also receive activity calendars for planning and future monitoring. These support the marketing plan and help ensure the budget targets are met. HSV Hospitality Management 5 We will integrate your team with ours and ensure they exceed expectations You need to have no concerns about integration as we have a proven track record of successfully blending together hotel teams and increasing profitability. We will work with your current team to ensure that service delivery at your hotel will exceed guest expectations. We know that this leads to profitable referrals and repeat business. Your staff will also benefit significantly from our Customer Service Improvement Programme which ensures that every team member grasps fundamental service standards that will lead to the delivery of exceptional hospitality. Experience has shown that such an attitude leads to a boost in your bottom line. strategy to generate and optimise demand. This will help you gain visibility and increase market share. We will advise on system improvements to enable you to increase revenue. Property visits to ensure on-going excellence As part of our service, your property will benefit from regular visits from our team – both scheduled and unscheduled – for inspections, consultations, management, marketing and the like. We also deploy ‘mystery guests’ who visit and stay in hotels anonymously to report on service and ensure quality standards are met. reports providing month-to-date revenues, occupancy and Average Daily Rate (ADR) for the current month. You will also receive a more extensive monthly report which includes, for example, a dashboard of operational and financial performance as well as revenue and marketing efforts. Attractive, contemporary design service We have extensive knowledge and experience in current trends in hotel products and design and will be available to consult to ensure your hotel remains at the cutting edge of the industry. Bulk purchasing opportunities You will gain the advantage of our bulk purchasing arrangements which we operate in conjunction with the other hotels we manage. As a result, you obtain regular savings that would not otherwise be possible. Expert revenue management You will have the benefit of our highly skilled Revenue Management Team, who will work closely with your existing team to advise them on revenue management and distribution solutions, ensuring maximum profits. Our team will assist you in developing a clear business â€Å"Your hotel will thrive and grow under the â€Å" Extensive reporting for ease of management and control You will receive regular reports as often as you wish – depending on your needs. Many clients receive weekly aring mentorship and profound experience of experts who understand and love the hotel industry Bruce Griffiths (HR) 6 HSV Hospitality Management You will benefit from an ethos of dedication to excellence H SV Hospitality Management was birthed out of a family business stretching over three generations and one of the largest private property companies in South Africa – Louis Group International (LGI). LGI is a family-owned enterprise that has enjoyed nearly a century in business and has consistently applied family and Christian values to all their dealings. Their achievements have been recognised in South Africa’s Top National Companies. Over and above the recognition of its commercial achievement, the Group has also been featured in Best Companies to Work for in South Africa, which confirms that the ‘family feel’ of the Group has a consistently positive impact on its employees. The Corporate Research Foundation also awarded the Chairman and CEO the No. 1 Executive Management Team (2008/2009) and in the same year the No. 1 Best Managed Company in the Real Estate Sector. LGI has vast international experience and today it’s reach extends into the UK, Germany, Switzerland and Isle of Man. As an attribute to the success in these jurisdictions Dr. Alan Louis, LGI CEO, was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award for Entrepreneurial Excellence from the International Biographical Centre in Cambridge, England. Although property and investment activities remain at the core of the Group’s business, our highly relationshipminded and solution-driven approach naturally led us to become a leader in the independent hotel management arena. Today, LGI boasts a suite of luxury boutique hotels, all situated in idyllic locations, offering guests a touch of elegance combined with exceptional attention to detail and service excellence. Above all, they have built up a reputation as experts in the ‘adoption’ of hotels and their conversion to profitability. Their growth philosophy has always been based on the conviction that optimum and long-term profitability is the result of a balance between financial and human resource considerations, a unique product and memorable guest experiences. The organisation has built up an outstanding reputation for meticulous and visionary hotel management. The combined resources of this powerful organisation has led to the formation of HSV Hospitality Management, a complete ‘one-stop-shop’ that can take over your hotel management and provide a superb service that will enhance your return on investment and help to ensure capital growth. â€Å" Hotel management is a complex blend of creating service excellence and optimum guest experience, employing excellent revenue management and ensuring that the look and feel of the property is appealing. Above all, it is bestowing the gift of hospitality on the guests while conferring prestige upon the hotel owner Michael Louis HSV Hospitality Management â€Å" 7 A senior team of African top hotel specialists are dedicated to your hotel’s success Our Africa team consists of more than 20 professionals to manage and market your Hotel with the reinforcement of over 200 professionals in 30 global offices. The Executive team is: DR MICHAEL LOUIS Chairman of Louis Group Hotels, Spas Vineyards (HSV) and immediate past CEO if Louis Group (Africa), Michael’s career has encompassed law, politics, agriculture, finance and business leadership. He represented the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) in the Western Cape Parliament and as a Provincial Cabinet Minister. He developed the 28 000 ha Komsberg Farming enterprise – a Louis family business – into a major supplier of export quality table grapes. His passion for education is expressed as Chairman of the Cornerstone Institute, pioneering a diverse higher education offering to future leaders undergirded by a Christian ethos. Recent personal accolades include being awarded a Doctorate of Laws from Nyack University in Manhattan, New York. CRAIG SEAMAN Managing Director and founder of HSV Hospitality Management, Craig has been in the hospitality industry for over 25 years, with extensive qualifications in Hotel Management including from Cornel University in the USA. After working in a variety of management positions with Southern Sun and Sun International in their flagship properties, he moved to Stellenbosch as opening General Manager of Spier. Here he oversaw the development and launch of what has become a world renowned wine estate, hotel and resort. As Managing Director of Louis Group Hotels, Spas Vineyards Craig has been involved in the acquisition and transformation of the Group’s award winning luxury suite of boutique hotels, including the Devon Valley Hotel and SylvanVale Vineyards, Erinvale Estate Hotel and Spa (winner of the Best Luxury Hotel in South Africa) and Place on the Bay. BRUCE GRIFFITHS Head of Human Resources for HSV Hospitality Management, Bruce has decades of HR and training experience across Southern Africa. He spent 26 years in retail management with the Edgars Group, Truworths and the Foschini Group in store operations, regional and divisional management, specialising in Human Resource Management. He also spent 6 years as the executive and operations administrator for one of the largest churches in Cape Town. Since joining Louis Group International, Bruce has been integral to the Human Resource division and in facilitating the Louis Group’s Business Academy, which has graduated over 1 200 stu dents. Bruce has been part the hotel management team from the first acquisition almost a decade ago, assisting with operational HR practices, industrial relations and training. 8 HSV Hospitality Management Your guests will be assured of true Handmade Hospitality For the past decade HSV hotels have become renowned for their unique and award winning hospitality. HSV Hotels are constantly rated at the top of their market segment by our guests due to our high level of service. LYNNE GILLESPIE Head of Communications Public Relations, with responsibility for all marketing communication, social media initiatives and e-marketing. After studying at Le Cordon Bleu (London), Lynne studied Hotel Management at the Cape Town Hotel School where she obtained her qualification Cum Laude. She started her career with the Southern Sun Group at the then Cape Sun Hotel as part of the team responsible to re-brand the hotel to an Inter Continental Hotel. She moved to Sun Intentional in the mid 1990’s, thereafter in early 2000 she joined the Rezidor Group as part of the Radisson Blu Hotel Waterfront team and held various key executive management positions. As part of their public relations and marketing team, she played an integral role in the initial brand awareness and brand development for the Rezidor Group in Southern Africa before joining the Louis Group Hotels, Spas Vineyards in 2008. A VALUE BASED CULTURE At HSV Hospitality Management, our values underpin our guests’ experience. Just some of our hotels’ numerous awards and accolades: †¢ Best Boutique Hotel in South Africa †¢ Best Luxury Hotel in South Africa †¢ Best five-star hotel in Germany for four consecutive years †¢ Erinvale Spa: Top 100 Spas in Africa. †¢ Erinvale Estate Hotel Spa is a Leading Golf Hotels of the World †¢ Erinvale Estate Hotel Spa is a Preferred Golf Hotel †¢ Devon Valley Hotel was the 2010 Summit Resort of the Year †¢ Devon Valley Hotel: Best of wine tourism award for accommodation by Global Wine Capitals for three consecutive years. Excellence in hospitality We commit to excel in quality and to deliver the highest standard of practice. Offering authentic service We want guests to cherish their stay as we strive to deliver genuine and enthusiastic service. Creating memorable experiences We ensure that our team and guests encounter unforgettable moments of delight. Building relationships We strive to build enduring relationships with our team, guests and suppliers. Ethical conduct We undertake to apply honesty, respect and fairness in all our endeavours. HSV Hospitality Management 9 A benchmark organisation that connects you with the world A key ingredient of effective hospitality management is the team that drives guests to your hotel. We offer you dedicated sales support, providing an established and well equipped structure to ensure that regular sales calls are made to promote your hotel. This serves to increase your exposure and to develop potential markets by building relationships and uncovering new opportunities. Our team has an in-depth knowledge of the hospitality and tourism industry, backed by years of experience and well established contacts in the leisure, corporate and MICE markets. Our team of sales executives are based in Cape Town, Johannesburg, Pretoria and the United Kingdom. This team performs an average of 170 focused sales calls per month and also services other Southern African countries such as Namibia and Botswana. The HSV Hospitality Management sales co-ordinator will further guarantee that sales calls are based on your hotels’ tailor-made Marketing Plan, ensuring that the team achieves revenue targets. The marketing team also attend regular trade shows, client events and workshops, thus reducing the costs to individual hotels and making these events a viable form of marketing. In addition to the HSV Hospitality Management sales team, we harness the formidable offering of the Preferred Hotel Group, one of the world’s largest and most dynamic hotel networks. This will offer you: †¢ Access to a team of over 50 dedicated sales professionals located in 31 offices around the world. †¢ The gaining of new sales through the group sales team that generates an average of 2000 leads a month, year after year. †¢ A corporate sales team who manage over 300 major negotiated corporate accounts worldwide. A dedicated marketing co-ordinator to ensure optimum sales penetration. †¢ Automatic links with the best leisure agents in every region including organisations like Virtuoso ®, Signature Travel Network, Ensemble Travel ® and American Express  ® Fine Hotels Resorts. †¢ Invaluable exposure at more than 200 trade shows and events a year. †¢ Access to Lanyon â„ ¢, the premier automated tool maximising the RFP process, with access to sales and contact data on hundreds of managed corporate accounts, travel agents and tour operators. †¢ The benefits of HSV Hospitality Management’s partnerships with key corporate account placing groups and meeting organisations. Access to more than 150 meeting planners worldwide, through our group Lead Share Systemâ„ ¢. 10 HSV Hospitality Management Our alliances will increase your exposure ould you like to be part of an international network with a presence in 70 countries and with more than 800 hotel members? If so, then HSV Hospitality Management is your answer! In recent years, the organisation has also entered into a valuable strategic alliance with the Preferred Hotel Group (www. preferredhotelgroup. com) This Group represents the pinnacle of refined travel and hospitality, with a gl obal collection of independent hotels and resorts with a consistent commitment to excellence. The Preferred Hotel Group provides a vehicle for developers who want to enjoy the benefit of linking their hotel to a recognised brand, yet at the same time retaining their independence. By becoming part of HSV Hospitality Management, you gain direct access to this valuable network – providing you with uncapped international W opportunities. This represents an exceptional opportunity. The Preferred Hotel Group is the industry leader in providing prestigious branding, global sales, marketing and an integrated reservation service to independent hotels. Celebrating 40 years of excellence, this worldwide hotel distribution network provides high-performance sales, marketing and technology, solutions to more than 800 hotels in 70 countries. Those who have enrolled with HSV Hospitality Management have found immense additional benefits from this international exposure including, of course, increased revenue. The following hard brands are available: †¢ Sterling Hotel †¢ Summit Serviced Residencies HSV Hospitality Management 11 Global distribution through state-of-the-art connectivity Top technology platform HSV’s Revenue Management team enable you to optimise our single portal that connects all reservation channels – GDS, voice call centres, hotel websites and Online Travel Agents (OTA). And our Central Reservation System (CRS), SynXis, enables all rate products to be managed in one place. Your hotel will have access to a multilingual toll-free voice reservations network with worldwide spread. You will also be connected to the tate-of-the-art Internet Booking Engine, (Guest Connect) which interfaces with your Property Management Systems (PMS) and Revenue Management Systems (RMS. ) revenue to expand, while the inventory is controlled through a centralised system. You will gain valuable exposure through our website, which targets the consumer market and manages the diverse needs of today’s traveller – from business to leisure, family holidays to romantic breaks, spa and golf getaways to corporate meetings and business incentives. A million-strong loyalty programme By signing up with HSV Hospitality Management, you can obtain access to one of the most valuable marketing tools in the world – the IPrefer â„ ¢ Guest Benefit Programme. This loyalty programme has a membership of more than a million and generates loyalty among travellers by offering them tangible benefits at no cost to the member. Your hotels will gain exceptional exposure in exactly the right target markets through being able to offer this outstanding loyalty programme. Sophisticated revenue tools HSV provides you with a range of sophisticated statistics to help accurately analyse trends and profit potential – the most valuable management tool of all in the hotel world. HSV operates a highly sophisticated databank of essential management information which will enable you to receive monthly production reports. A dedicated revenue management team will conduct regular checks of your hotel which will provide important management information. As a result of this you will be guided on how to increase RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room) and profits through all distribution channels. Our team will coach your staff, devise activity programmes and help you with account management. We will provide you with individual statistics and reports tailor-made for your properties to ensure optimum control. Powerful E-commerce channels A large percentage of HSV’s business is generated via the Internet and the trend will inevitably grow. We will expand this to include SEO, online marketing and social media as valuable marketing tools to generate high sales for your hotel operation. You will be able to use our dedicated global revenue management and marketing teams who can capture sales opportunities through multiple direct channels. Our dedicated team continuously drives information on our hotels towards preferred partnerships, which gives them exposure to targeted sales opportunities. This allows 12 HSV Hospitality Management Cutting edge corporate communication, design and E-commerce You’ll be assured of the best possible market penetration as you will have one of Africa’s most experienced hotel communication and design operations promoting your organisation Y ou clearly want to penetrate the market as effectively and directly as possible. And you also want visitors to return, year after year, as well as tell their friends of their memorable experiences. Our Marketing Division has years of experience in providing exceptional marketing services to hotels. We begin by working with you to conduct a thorough analysis of your current marketing strategy and collateral. We use this to co-create a detailed marketing plan per market segment. The results have been positive, with the hotel’s we market consistently out-performing their competition. Here are just some of the benefits you’ll derive from our Marketing Division: †¢ You will receive a full marketing audit and evaluation of your current marketing collateral, websites and so on, to identify gaps and suggest improvements. †¢ You will be given a strategic marketing plan tailor-made for your hotel to capitalise on every seasonal opportunity. You can obtain high quality brochures, banners, videos, and other visual marketing material, designed by some of the most talented writers and designers in the country. These provide powerful aids for our sales team. †¢ We can design a comprehensive, sales-driven website for you with an emphasis on rich, visual imagery, easy to navigate layouts and simple online booking forms to increase sales and provide an extremely positive user experience for your clients. †¢ You will gain the benefit of our high level of expertise in web technology and our ability to seamlessly integrate this with traditional advertising media and to optimise bookings and revenue. You will have extensive exposure on valuable new social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Linked-in and Pinterest to ensure optimum exposure and relationship building opportunities. We can develop easyto-navigate mobile websites and apps so that potential guests can view your hotel and make bookings from their smartphones, tablets and mobile devices. We can drive substantial additional traffic to your website through viral promotions, competitions, special offers and other promotional techniques. †¢ You will get increased booking conversions through our focus on SEO (search engine optimisation) and PPC (Pay-per-Click) advertising through Google Adwords and Facebook to advertise your hotel’s digital presence and increase booking conversions. Your database can be maintained and expanded through powerful direct marketing presentations to continually build positive client relationships and increase sales year after year. †¢ Your PR efforts will be supported – or we can even provide a full PR service as necessary, for special events and on an on-going basis. HSV Hospitality Management 13 Realistic fees tailored to your goals H SV Hospitality M anagement works together with clients to ensure that the fee structure is aligned to your goals. We have a variety of options that can be tailored to ensure that you will be comfortable with the arrangement. set up the systems for your hotel. The Incentive Management Fee ties our profitability to the results of our efforts. Once your financial goals for the hotel are understood and achievable results are agreed upon, we agree upon a fee which relates to these goals. The fee is usually related to gross operating profit and the percentage ranges between 8% and 15%. †¢ The Monthly Marketing Fee covers the extensive marketing activities which HSV Hospitality Management undertakes on behalf of your hotel and is based on 1. 5% of turnover Consulting and oversight service Consulting fees are negotiated on an individual basis, depending on the services provided and the time involved. †¢ On certain projects, fixed fees are applied while others are on an hourly basis. Hourly fees vary with the level of staff or experience necessary and the complexity of the assignment. †¢ Once the amount of web-based and traditional studio work necessary for the hotel to be effectively promoted is determined, a monthly retainer or implementation fee can be negotiated for digital design and communication. Management Contracts Fees are divided into three fundamental areas. †¢ The Base Management Fee is intended to cover our costs for providing basic services. This is usually a percentage of total revenues, or a minimum monthly amount, whichever is greater. The percentage ranges from 2% to 4%. There is also an initial implementation fee to 14 HSV Hospitality Management hospitality management.

None Of The European Power Wanted World War I, But They Feared Essays

None of the European power wanted World War I, but they feared Germany. Germany was newly unified, and was beating the European powers in population and Industry. France wanted to recover the Alsace-Lorraine. Britain was a country used to being on the ocean, so they felt threatened by Germany's colonial expansion and William II's insisting on a large navy. Russia and Austria feared pressure on their unstable empires. In 1887 William II refused to renew the Reinsurance treaty with Russia, but continued the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. In 1894 Russia made an alliance with France, and Great Britain settled it's differences with France in the Entente Cordiale in 1904 forming the Triple Entente. The assassination, with Serbian Knowledge, of the liberal Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinan in Sarajevo in June 1914 was the spark that set off the war. Germany assured Austria full support, which resulted in an Austrian ultimatum that Serbia could not accept. Austria declared war on Serbia. Russia mobilized to defend Serbia, then Germany declared war on Russia. Germany also declared war on France. Germany wanted a quick defeat of France. To avoid the French frontier, German forces moved through neutral Belgium thinking they would take Paris by surprise. The Germans encountered more resistance than expected in Belgium, giving France time to prepare. [Caidin 207] This violation of international law destroyed all sympathy for the Central Powers. Although German forces nearly reached Paris, the British and French Miraculously turned back the Germans at the Battle of Marne. The two sides dug trenches for a war that would last four years. The Russians then attacked sending Germany into a two front war. The Germans defeated the Russians Many times on the east, but the Allies blockaded the Germans on the east by cutting off food and raw materials, The Germans became desperate to break the blockade, so they declared unrestricted submarine warfare. [Villiers 176] After several American ships were sunk, the United States entered the war in 1917. The Russians were in the middle of several revolutions so they were not a threat to Germans. In 1918 when the Germans did not have to worry about the east, they launched an all out offensive attack in the west, but the United Allies slowly turned the tide. Realizing the situation was hopeless the German High Command urged William to let a new civil government sue for peace. Woodrow Wilson, U.S. President from 1913 to 1921, insisted on dealing with citizens. William grudgingly appointed Prince Max of Baden as chancellor. Even Though Wilson was negotiating with the chancellor there were still many problems. Fighting continued, sailors mutinied, socialist staged strikes, workers and military formed Communist councils, and revolution broke out in Bavaria. [Grolier] Prince Max announced the abdication of William II and resigned. When Germany surrendered and changed its government, it expected a negotiated peace rather than the harsh terms of the Versailles treaty of 1919. The allies were determined to receive reparations for their losses and to see that Germany was never in a position to harm them again. Germany lost the Alsace-Lorraine to France and lost West Prussia to Poland. It also lost all its colonies and had to give up most of its coal, trains, and merchant ships, as well as its navy. Germany had to limit its army and submit to Allied occupation of Rhineland for 15 years. Worst of all, the Germans had to accept full responsibility for causing the war and, consequently pay its total cost. The Germans did not consider themselves anymore guilty than anyone else and could not possibly pay all of the costs demanded. The Versailles treaty seemed fair to the Allies point of view, but it did not ensure a lasting peace. By accepting the treaty the German Government gained a bad name among its people. [Encarta96] The war reparations put a enormous strain on a country already bankrupted by four years of war. In Weimar in 1919 a nationalist assembly, led by the Social democratic party, wrote a democratic constitution for the new German Reich. But the prospects of the Weimar Republic, as it was familiarly known, were dim. For most Germans the government was defeated and was controlled by the Versailles treaty, which they regarded as only temporary.[Encarta96] The Parliamentary government was opposed by conservative militarists and revolutionary scientists. Both sides frequently tried to overthrow the government with small armies. For instance the military Kapp Putsch in 1920 and, the Uprising of the Communist Sparticists in 1919 under Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. The economic situation made matters worse because the German government could not pay off reparation

Writing an ACT Sample Essay on Jimmy Carters Speech

Writing an ACT Sample Essay on Jimmy Carter's SpeechSo, your are faced with writing an ACT sample essay on Jimmy Carter's speech. It is not that difficult and you will find a variety of options if you search around online. It is best to remember the 4-act structure of this speech.As soon as you notice that this is the same speech, it might seem easy but you are missing something. The first act should be the opening of the speech. This act can be easily incorporated with an ACT sample essay on Jimmy Carter's speech. In fact, it is so easy to get right that it makes sense to keep it as a part of the essay.The first act is about Jimmy Carter's biography. It must be easy to understand and incorporate the content into the essay. It is important to let the reader know how Jimmy Carter came to be. This will make it easier for them to read the speech. It will be easier for them to identify with the protagonist.A sub-plot that follows the narrative, develops the character and introduces the t heme. Just like the first act, the sub-plot is also easy to use in an ACT sample essay on Jimmy Carter's speech. It is good to use many sub-plots throughout the essay. It creates a fuller story that helps readers develop trust with the protagonist.The narrative in the second act is about the main narrative, specifically, about the closing speech that was delivered by Jimmy Carter. Just like the first act, it can also be easily incorporated in an ACT sample essay on Jimmy Carter's speech. The sub-plot that follows is about the main theme. It should also be easy to incorporate into the essay. After the sub-plot, the third act is about the development of the character. It needs to be short and simple. It is good to use a little writing exercise to help you create the final essay.The fourth act is about the main theme that links the sub-plots. The sub-plots do not have to be in any particular order. Just like the final section, the theme can also be incorporated into the essay with ease .Finally, the fifth act completes the narration. It must be able to give the readers a sense of closure. Just like the final act, the other act can also be used in an ACT sample essay on Jimmy Carter's speech.

If You Dont Know Jack, Youre a Jackwagon

If You Dont Know Jack, Youre a Jackwagon If You Don’t Know Jack, You’re a Jackwagon If You Don’t Know Jack, You’re a Jackwagon By Mark Nichol A recent news article prompted me to research the use of jack as a catch-all term: Apparently, a pair of pot smugglers ignored the sensible admonition â€Å"Don’t get high on your own supply† and, in a state of THC-fueled paranoia, called 911 to complain that while transporting their precious cargo, they were being harassed by undercover police officers in nearby vehicles. The caller referred to the alleged persecutors- probably just fellow motorists perturbed by the unsteady hand of the man at the wheel- as â€Å"jackwagons.† All usages of jack in English, it turns out, derive from the proper name Jack, a variant of the common names John (from English, but ultimately derived from the Hebrew name Yochanan, also the source of the name Jonathan) and Jacques (the latter of which, from France, is the origin of the word jacket). The ubiquity of these names in medieval England resulted in its use as a general term of address for the common man. (In Middle English, it was spelled various ways with an e at the end and pronounced â€Å"Jackie,† hence the diminutive form of the nickname.) The Scots equivalent, Jock, was the origin of the word jockey, used to describe someone who rides or drives a horse in a race or, by extension, operates a vehicle or a tool (as in â€Å"disk jockey,† the origin of the entertainment term DJ, also spelled deejay). To jockey, on the analogy of a jockey’s riding strategy, is to maneuver or negotiate for advantage. From the usage of Jack as a generic name stems such terms as lumberjack for a worker who cuts trees down and steeplejack for someone specializing in working on tall structures, jack-of-all-trades, referring to a person who is skilled at multiple types of jobs or tasks, and jack-o’-lantern (â€Å"jack-of-the-lantern,† originally synonymous with will-o’-the-wisp) and jack-in-the-box, the name for a toy and a carved pumpkin lit from within respectively, as well as â€Å"Jack Frost† as a personification of wintry cold and â€Å"Jack the Ripper† as a nickname for a notorious serial killer in Victorian London. (Jack-in-the-box was originally slang for a con man who switched out a full box for an empty one, and it acquired numerous other senses, too.) The name also became associated with sailors in the designation â€Å"Jack Tar,† thanks to the fact that men of the sea generally had a scent of tar about them. Fictional characters given the Everyman appellation in tales and nursery rhymes include the heroes in â€Å"Jack and the Beanstalk† and â€Å"Jack the Giant Killer† and personages in â€Å"Jack Sprat† and â€Å"Jack and Jill.† Jack was also applied to the lowest-ranking face cards in a deck of playing cards (which is the origin of jackpot, meaning â€Å"a prize,† and hence jack, a slang term for money) and to various small objects, including flags (as in â€Å"Union Jack†) and the game of jacks and its playing pieces. The sense of â€Å"small† is also responsible for the retort â€Å"You don’t know jack shit† (or just â€Å"jack†). It also appears in the name of animals and plants, including the jackass, or male donkey, the jackrabbit (a hare named for its long ears, suggestive of a donkey’s), and the jackdaw, a relative of the crow, plus the jack oak and jack pine trees, as well as the jack-in-the-pulpit plant. Jackanapes, from the nickname given to an upstart English nobleman, derives from â€Å"Jack of Naples,† a contemporary slang term for a monkey that came to refer to an impudent person. The cheese variety Monterey Jack was named after its first commercial producer, David Jack, who lived near Monterey, California. The noun jack, referring to various mechanisms, including a device for hoisting or raising a heavy object, and the verb form jack and the verb phrase â€Å"jack up† derive from the fact that the machines did the work of a common laborer. Jackhammer and jackknife, as well as the term bootjack, for a device used for removing boots, stem from this usage as well. (However, jackboot, referring both to a boot worn by cavalry soldiers and a later marching boot worn by German and Soviet military personnel- hence the word’s subsequent association with totalitarian oppression, although jackboots have been worn by soldiers of democratic nations as well- is unrelated: The cavalry jackboot was originally fortified with chain mail, and an Old French word for that material is jaque.) So, how did we get to the insult jackwagon, popularized in a television commercial featuring actor and former drill sergeant R. Lee Ermey? As a less offensive alternative to jackass as a derogatory label, it may derive from a nickname for the chuck wagon (chuck comes from a slang word for food), a vehicle carrying cooking implements and supplies for a cattle drive or a wagon train, or for any of one of several other types of wagons that might bring up the rear of a procession of other vehicles. The seemingly lowly status of the trailing wagon, literally left in the dust of what came before it, presumably came to be associated with a person of low character or intelligence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Types of RhymeYay, Hooray, Woo-hoo and Other AcclamationsWhat Is the Meaning of "Hack?"