Ethics and Morality in the Health Professions Essay

Ethics and Morality in the Health Professions - Essay Example If at all God created every creature, then why should one think of taking his or her life away. It would be quite unethical in my career to leave such an individual to die when I knew in real sense that he or she was going to die. The only way that one could tell if someone else has feelings for suicide, could be through a conversation where he or she will confess such feelings. It was the right step undertaken by a patient who required suicidal assistance to approach you Dr. Deborah. It is quite true that a suicidal person who locks him or herself away tends to feel isolation and for that matter, they may end up attempting suicide without the knowledge of his or her friends and relatives. If at all Dr. Brody you would put yourself in the patient’s shoe, then you would not imagine that someone wishes you to take your life away. In most countries in the west, suicide has significantly shown that it is the foremost cause of death (Gutheil 29). These countries spend anonymous amo unt of money in maintenance of safety on roads but unaware on suicide and its prevention. It is the best option for a country to engage into campaigns on choices to make good life. A person who wants to attempt suicide or has feelings or thoughts of suicide, it is then quite evident that such individuals have symptoms to indicate that they can no more cope up with life. It is repeatedly as a result of series of events or cases that make somebody overwhelmed in distress or trauma. There is no doubt that this patient wanted you to be available in order to listen to him or her and feel about what he or she could be experiencing in life. A problem talked about in my view, sometimes creates a road map towards fundamental solutions. All doctors and even nurses for that matter have no substantial grounds to ignore their patients who request for assistance in suicide. It could be quite unethical if we rather allowed and assist patients to die. When anyone demands for help to die, such a req uest should enhance discussions to ascertain the reasoning of the patient through needs assessment with no grounds of judgment. Therefore Dr. Deborah, it would be my advice that you should not hesitate to assist. Acknowledge this request and oppose the inclination to abandon or ignore the dialogue. Listen to the patient and even more and establish a contract of no-suicide. Ask the patient to make a promise that he or she will eradicate such feelings of suicide. Such issues should be taken seriously to extend that if the patient appears acutely suicidal; endorse him or her under care in the hospital department of emergency. It would be also important to seek opinions from psychologists, counselors and psychiatrists. It is a question that most doctors should continuously ask themselves why people attempt suicide. People who want to avoid emotional pain that is unbearable normally result into suicide (Gutheil 40-42). It is therefore a task ahead of you Dr. Debora Brody to help your pat ient look for better choices that will enable him or her to think critically and analyze every situation in life. Why I would give such an advice to Dr. Brody is a decision that I fundamentally consider. I believe that life is such a precious thing that one should be neither denied nor think of taking it away. Suicide can not be the last option because death does not solve our worst experiences. One would think that it would be the end of our pains. I would not deny that painful life ends at the grave but

An Honourable Policy Pursued by Honourable Men Essay Example for Free

An Honourable Policy Pursued by Honourable Men Essay When Neville Chamberlain came to power in 1937, he was left with the problems of Nazi Germany to deal with. Chamberlain stuck to a policy of appeasement, making peace in Europe his main aim. He went to new lengths to try and prevent war, such as flying to Germany and discuss problems in person (shuttle diplomacy) which had not been done before. For his efforts in trying to keep the peace, perhaps Chamberlain was an honourable man. However there were weaknesses to his approach, such as his arrogance in refusing to listen to his Foreign Secretary Eden, which may be important factors to why appeasement inevitably failed. If not honourable, then appeasement was certainly a logical policy to undergo initially. Not only was Great Britain economically unprepared for a war, but the vast majority of British people did not want another war. World War I was said to be the war to end all wars, so preventing another war was certainly a logical decision, perhaps even a moral one. At this time there was also unrest in the Far East involving Britains colonies. Britain was certainly not in the position to get involved in conflicts in the far east and in Europe. Neville Chamberlain said himself; war wins nothing, cures nothing, ends nothing, therefore appeasement seemed the most obvious solution. As a politician Chamberlain had his strengths. From the outset he never did trust Hitler or Mussolini, which means he was not totally unaware of their danger. Had Chamberlain made decisions involving Hitler or Mussolini without being aware of their aggressive natures, he would undoubtedly have been a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and somewhat stupid politician. However he was careful in his decision-making and made it clear how little he trusted Hitler. Chamberlain also surrounded himself with people he knew, and who supported his ideas. His original foreign secretary, Eden, did not agree with Chamberlains approach, and they did not get on. Chamberlain put his faith in someone he knew, Lord Halifax, to partake in diplomatic talks with Hitler in Germany instead of Eden. Although this was undermining Eden, it could be argued that without full support, a government is essentially weak. Having a weak government at this time would be just the thing Hitler would look for. Therefore Chamberlain was not wrong to ensure he had a team of people all working toward the same goal. Chamberlains Plan Z is definitely commendable, as it shows the lengths he went to, to work out Hitlers plans and try and keep the peace. Chamberlain flew to meet Hitler in Berchtesgaden which had not been done before in British politics. Hitler wanted to reclaim the Sudeten land, and Chamberlain agreed. Although some critics would view this as giving in and encouraging Hitler to make more demands, in the short term it was a good decision. Very few people were prepared to go to war over the Sudeten land, including France who even had an alliance with Czechoslovakia. The reality of it was that the Sudeten land was a predominantly German area, and had originally been part of Germany until the Treaty of Versailles. Most people living in the Sudation land actually wanted to be part of Germany again too. Therefore most people believed it was rightfully Germanys anyway, and giving the Sudeten land to Hitler was a far more logical decision than going to war over it. When Chamberlain returned from Germany after his third visit, he returned with a signed agreement saying that Germany and Britain did not want to go to war with one another again. At the time, Chamberlain was seen as a hero, and in the short term, he was, as he had managed to prevent war from breaking out again. Chamberlain stuck to his view on preventing war, despite making alliances which would suggest otherwise. Britains alliance with Poland can be seen as honourable as it was not only promising to protect Poland if it were to be invaded, but instead of encouraging war, it acted as a deter to Hitler. Although appeasement eventually failed, Neville Chamberlain was certainly honourable in his efforts to try and keep the peace in Europe. However, there were definite weaknesses to Chamberlains character and some of his actions. Although Chamberlain made clear how little he trusted Hitler, there were certain incidents which should have shown him that Hitler was unappeasable. Even before Chamberlain came to power, Hitler made clear he was more than a little untrustworthy when Eden in 1936, sent him a questionnaire asking him on his exact terms and demands in Europe, and Hitler never replied. Hitler and Mussolini later together helped in the Spanish Civil War to bomb certain cities, which would look more like practice for a later war as opposed to the actions of men interested in appeasement. In 1937, when Eden said that Germany could chose between co-operation and force, and should they choose co-operation there is nobody in this country that would not assist whole-heartedly to remove misunderstandings, Hitler replied This is not possible until Germany is treated equally. By equality Hitler probably meant scrapping all the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. This response shows that Hitler was not interested in peace, but fighting for what he wanted, which should have shown Chamberlain he was not interested in appeasement. Maybe this should have made Chamberlain realise that appeasement was a weak policy where Hitler was concerned. Perhaps the most alarming indication that Hitler was unappeasable was the fact that he signed the Munich agreement without reading it through thoroughly. Instead of making Chamberlain notice how insignificant this therefore made the Munich agreement, he returned to Britain as a hero. This makes Chamberlain seem much more of a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve politician than an honourable one. Instead of pursuing with appeasement when Hitler seemed less than dedicated to it, Chamberlain should have concentrated more on rearmament and gaining allies in preparation for a war which was imminent. Chamberlain was right to an extent to surround himself with people willing to work towards the same goals, and who believed in the same as him, as without this a government is essentially a weak one. However Chamberlain was not willing to listen to opinions of people that disagreed with his in any way. This is a weakness for any politician, as politicians need to work together and point out possible improvements in each others ideas. Chamberlain was not honourable in sidelining his foreign secretary Eden, as this was a sly move. Eden was interested in making allies, whereas Chamberlain was interested in lessening enemies. Instead of listening to each other and coming to a compromise, Chamberlain deliberately undermined Eden when he sent his close friend Lord Halifax to Germany for diplomatic talks with Hitler. Not only did he fail to consult Eden on this matter, but it was Edens job as a foreign secretary to have talks with Hitler, not Halifaxs. Halifax was more of a civil servant than a politician as were many of the men in Chamberlains cabinet. Halifax even failed to recognise Hitler when he met him. This was therefore not only a sly decision to make, but also a foolhardy one, which could have ended disastrously, as Halifax did not have the skills or knowledge that Eden had. This shows Chamberlain in a far less honourable light. Both Chamberlain and Eden showed how childish and unprofessional they were when they had a meeting with Grandi, and quite openly rowed to the extent that the following day, Eden resigned. If Chamberlain had any integrity he would have at least have spoken to Eden in private and tried to find a compromise. Showing a public display of discontentment within the British government could also have made Britain look weak, as so an easy target of Hitler and Mussolini. Chamberlain and Eden both wanted what they believed was best for Britain, however Chamberlain was arrogant in his refusal to listen to Edens professional opinion. As the two of them were unable to come to any agreement, this shows how stubborn they both were, or at least how arrogant Chamberlain was in not listening to his own foreign secretary and effectively forcing him out of office. Another foolish and somewhat arrogant decision Chamberlain made, was to refuse to partake in an international conference proposed by President Roosevelt of the USA. This conference was designed to try and solve the current problems and unrest in Europe. However Chamberlain believed the only thing that Britain could rely on from the USA was words. However Chamberlains response was instantly dismissive which could have proved dangerous as the USA was a strong ally to have. Chamberlain was against the idea of America taking the credit for solving the problems in Europe, which at this time was a rather childish attitude to take, as preventing a dictator from causing a second full-scale war was a far more pressing issue than a battle of reputations and pride. As Stanley Baldwin rightly said, Chamberlain had a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve confidence in his own judgement and powers or persuasion. This shows how Chamberlain was not entirely honourable. Many see. the policy of appeasement as a failure as Hitler seemed the character to fight for what he wanted, not have it given to him. Perhaps the policy of appeasement made him even more aggressive, as Hitler did not want to negotiate terms on land which he believed was rightfully his. Chamberlain seemed to go out of his way to accommodate Hitlers demands, which some believe encouraged Hitler to make new demands. Many believe the Munich agreement was a disaster, as Hitler could have been stopped if Britain had declared war in 1938. Chamberlain also failed to build a Grand Alliance between the USSR and USA. Hitler failed to take appeasement seriously, but nobody could be expected to when Chamberlain signed an alliance with Poland, as this shows even he was getting prepared for war. Appeasement was certainly an honourable policy to the extent that it was a moral and ethical one, as it was designed to prevent war. It is easy to use hindsight to discredit Chamberlains attempts, as war inevitably did break out in 1939. However he went to new lengths, such as shuttle diplomacy, to negotiate with Hitler, who was a difficult man to work with as Chamberlain admitted. Perhaps Hitler was always the stronger character and politician, who was determined to fight for his beliefs, not have things given to him, which could be why appeasement failed. However, Chamberlains attitude towards his foreign secretary Eden was incredibly arrogant. Had he worked with Eden, ensuring they built strong allies such as the USA, this could have deterred Hitler from declaring war. This shows how Chamberlain allowed pride and reputation to dictate his politics and diplomacy. Chamberlain gave Hitler too much leeway, and should have realised sooner that Hitler was not interested in appeasement, but war. Therefore he should have put more into rearmament and ally-building sooner. Chamberlain showed great honour in his determination to try and prevent war, and in essence appeasement was an honourable policy. However appeasement was obviously failing as Hitler made more and more demands, which somehow defeats its honour. Neville Chamberlain had serious flaws to his character and dealings with appeasement which too took away from his honour, as did his and Edens approaches toward each other. Therefore initially appeasement was honourable, as was Chamberlain for pursuing it, but both began to lose their honour when appeasement was obviously failing, and Chamberlain was leading through naivety and over-confidence in his own judgement and powers of persuasion.

Shopping Tendencies of Men and Women Essay -- Compare Contrast Essays

Shopping Tendencies of Men and Women One of my friends called me asking to pick her up from the store where she was shopping. When I found her inside the store and asked what happened to her, she came up with a story. Her husband and she decided to take one car to do the shopping and arrange some other business in the bank. Her husband came up with a plan that he will drop her in the store and drive to the bank while she will be shopping. They decided that he would pick her up when he will be done with the bank. But an hour later, when he came and found that she was not done with her shopping list yet, he became angry; moreover, his wife had in her shopping cart a set of glasses that were not on her shopping list. After a tirade that she always wastes her time and his money doing shopping, he left the store. Many times after this accident, I noticed that most women and men behave in different way doing their shopping. For example, women stay much longer in the stores than men, buy a lot of small but necessary purchases, such as a kitchen towel or a new pillow case, and try to reduce expenses using coupons, manufacturer’s rebates or buying stuff on sale. In contrary, most men prefer not to bother themselves with coupons and usually buy needed thing right when they find it. They usually avoid a lot of things that are important for women, such as embroidered serviette or plate covered with ornament. As I have done some observation and questioned my friends, I understood that women have different approach toward shopping than men do, at least among my acquaintances. When women shop, they try to buy things that will perfectly fit their style or interior of their house. They are looking for particular color, shape and size of whatever thing they need -- saucepan, chair, or lamp. I believe when woman buys, her first priority is prettiness, or good look. On second place is practical side of the item. In most cases, women choose a dress that makes her slender and shoes that make her taller even if all these things are unpractical and uncomfortable. However, regular man does not pay much attention to how pretty he will look in a new suit; he cares more how comfortable it is. Most men I know are not picky about their cloth and do not spend a lot of time in any store. One of my male friends told me that he usually goes straight to the section where an it... ...ere are number of calories and ingredients indicated, and check price and quality of different brand names. For instance, when I want to buy a melon, I will examine it first: does melon has sweet aroma, is it ripe? I want to buy the best from what is available.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Indeed a lot of fellow females will go to the other stores looking for lower prices. If woman find something she likes very much but cannot afford it, she will try to cut a price or go there day after day waiting until particularly liked thing will be on sale. And she will get it anyway.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary, men rarely go to other places looking for lower prices. Most of men will buy needed thing for indicated price. If man cannot afford to buy the thing he liked, he will wait until he collects necessary amount of money or more likely, forget about it next day.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shopping became unavoidable in our age of high technology. Thousands of men and women go to the Wal-Mart, Albertsons, or Sears everyday. However, I believe there is a different approach toward shopping which depends on person’s gender. I found that indeed most women enjoy doing shopping, while men shop just because they are out of necessary things.

Success in Islamic Concept

Happiness and success in Islamic concept Arifa Tariq Saira Virk Information Technology University Dr.Junaid Qadir11 May 2018?AbstractPurification of heart and soulHuman being is created of water and clay as we know but after that we have body and soul in it. People just care about body, what about soul? People do not care about soul, how to purify it, how to be closer to satisfaction, how to reach closer to happiness and success?Many people around the world suffering from stress, emotional diseases looking for the cure, but they are still hollow inside and don't know how to find the cure. Try to recognize the sickness inside your own self. ALLAH almighty in Quran focused on the importance of purifying the soul and heart. Try to recognize the sickness inside your own self. †¢ Quran Verses: ALLAH says in Quran:1. He has succeeded who purifies the soul, and he has failed who corrupts the soul. Surah Ash-Shams[91:910]So you have two choices either purify your soul, try to reach closer to the level of satisfaction or corrupt it. Purification comes from Zakat, Tazkiyah and Tazkiyah of naf's.He also said:2. Go to Pharaoh, for verily, he is a transgressor. Say to him: Will you purify yourself? Surah An-Naz'iat [79:17-18]3. He has succeeded who purifies himself, who remembers the name of his Lord and prays. Surah Al-A'la[87:14-15] This is how purification is related to the success and happiness.We learn from these verses that our success and happiness in life here and hereafter depends on our spiritual purification. We must purify our hearts from environmental and spiritual diseases like greed, hatred, lie, pride, ignorance and other harmful worldliness diseases and try to adopt the spiritual virtues to help the environment and serve humanity by adopting justice, generosity, compassion and many more. †¢ Types of heart1. Sound and healthy heart:ALLAH says in Quran:A day when there will be no benefit in wealth or children, but only in he who comes to Allah with a pure heart. Surah Ash-Shu'ara [26:88-89] The type of heart which is healthy and sound and only sake refuge from ALLAH and will rescue him on the Day of Judgment. The truth and secure heart is which is secure from shirk and work will all the love and desire that his actions are only for ALLAH's sake by obeying his all orders and sayings. Their some question can come in someone's mind that: 1. Does all these activities done by man are just temporary, for to attain worldly things and desire for the sake of praise from the people? 2. Was all these activities done without any fear of people? Was all the activities done just with the pure believe to serve the Master ALLAH almighty? 3. Was all the actions done also to please the last Prophet (PBUH) of ALLAH.The 1st two questions requires sincerity (IKHLAS) that all the things are just for the Master and 3rd question requires to follow the foot step of last Prophet of ALLAH (MUTABAAH). None of our actions will be considered accepted if â€Å"Ikhlas† and â€Å"Mutabaah† both conditions do not met. Having sound heart it joins the ranks of truthfulness, secure, healthy and happy heart. We clean our house, when we invite someone to our house similarly clean your heart as if you want to invite ALLAH and have faith and patience. He will make all the doors of happiness and success open for you. Nobody knows your pain more than who creates us, nobody in this world cares for us as much as the ALLAH and HE is all knowing and most wise Indeed. 2. Sick heart:The diseased heart which is either closer to secure his dreams of world, secure his worldly life or very close to devastation. This heart only contains love of ALLAH, show trust and reliance upon him only for the sake of his worldly essentials. This heart only shows eagerness to attain his desires, the desires which only does exists in this temporary world. This heart also contains jealousy, arrogance, pride, self-amazement and corruption only for the worldly matters which does only make us much closer to destruction and devastation. Man just had forgotten his purpose of creation in this mortal world, ho forgot that each body part has a job, similarly a heart also had a job, and if it is sick it will not do his job properly . â€Å"Indeed ALLAH is the Guide of those who believe, to the straight path.† 3. Dead heart:This type of heart is dead, having no life. This heart does not follow any path else than then path which pleased him. This heart does not know about its Lord or Master, in short it is a slave of his own desires, action and activities. If he fulfills his dreams, he does not care about pleasing or displeasing of his Master (The one who creates him). If it loves, it loves just for the sake of his desires and if he hates it does only just for the sake of his own mean. In short his dreams are his master. He is a person of his own desires. The man with this heart is putting himself to the way to destruction and devastation.Soul:Soul is the essence of human body, the main importance as compared to other creations of ALLAH. Science does not reached about the soul, that what is the essence of the soul. When any living creator dies like an animal as compared to human there is no difference in its wait, but the moment when human dies, immediately there is a loss of wait that means something he is losing the moment he dies. Quran Says: 1. Every soul shall have taste of death. (Surah Al Imran) In this world there is a life for the test of here after and every person shall have taste of death. 2. ALLAH has created death and life to test which of you in good deeds (Suran Al Mulk)For there is no pleasure, sweetness, ibtihaaj or perfection except by knowing and loving to the Master,there is only peace in remembering him, happiness and success is only by being closer to him and desiring to meet him in the life hereafter. Discovering self for happiness In Islamic tradition, the â€Å"who am I?† question in the broadest sense of the word is more important and comes prior to the strongly related subject of happiness. Happiness is not a goal to be pursued on its own, rather to be attained as part of realization of discovering and nurturing the self. As the subject of happiness is enclosed within the study of the â€Å"self†, it cannot be explained outside the term self or soul, (nafs) that includes a broad range of topics including the heart (qalb), spirit (ruh), intellect (aql), and will (irada) as well as human nature (fitrah) (Nasr, 2014). The nafs when mentioned in the Quran without any addition, refers to â€Å"self† and exists of three levels that are interconnected to each other (Schimmel, 1994, 184): †¢ nafs ammara (12:53) – The lower (animal) self, the carnal soul that incites to evil. †¢ nafs lawwama (75:2) – The struggling self .†¢ nafs mutma'inna (89:27) – The higher self at peace, the satisfied, peaceful God realized rational soul.Naquib Al-Attas (Philosopher) explains the two dimensions to happiness in Islamic understanding with two different terms – pleasure and true happiness. The self (nafs) attains â€Å"true happiness† from knowledge and good character (virtue) experienced by the rational soul (higher self) and â€Å"happiness of transient quality† from worldly (bodily) pleasures experienced by the animal soul (Attas, 1995, 91-92). However, comprehending and knowing the truth about the ‘self' and God is not sufficient, one also needs to act according to this truth and therefore moral virtues are important (Khadduri, 1984, 82). The connection between happiness, success and moral virtues, Al-Kindi explains that in overcoming material and psychological causes of sorrow, material possessions and other worldly deeds are nothing compared to the cultivation of virtues. Virtues play an important role in the attainment of happiness related to this world and the hereafter (Nasr, 2014).Tawakkul on Allah and Ibadat for happiness & successThe person who possesses tawakkul attains the state of contentment. This person still faces the ordinary challenges of earthly life but does so in a state of inner contentment. As the Quran states explicitly, this is why the friends of God (the awliya?'), who have fully attained the stations of tawakkul and rida? ?, are neither fearful nor sorrowful. For such people, even the fear of God is transformed into joy, for this fear is the beginning of wisdom, as stated by St. Paul and also in the famous saying (hadith) of the Prophet, â€Å"The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom†. 13 Performing obligatory ibadat requires self-discipline and sacrifice but result in happiness and success. As call of prayer (Adhan) states: Hayya ‘ala-l-FalahHurry to success (Rise up for Salvation)Success of Muslim is to hurry for its obligatory duties which make him/her successful in this life and also in hereafter. Similarly, Sayyiduna Abu Hurairah has narrated that the Holy Prophet stated, ‘There are two glad tidings for the man who fasts; one at the time of sunset and the other when he meets his Rab.' (Sahih Bukhari 255/1 # 1805)It is not however only the ‘ibadat themselves that bring about happiness; it is also our knowingthat in performing them we are doing God's Will and thereby experiencing the grace (barakah) that issues from the performance of sacred rites. In carrying out ordinary human transactions, or muy'a?-mala?t, in accordance with the Shary'ah, one is also doing God's Will.14Success of the selfThe success of the self, as explained in the Quran, lies in allowing the self to grow and one who disallows the self (soul) to grow, who destroys this growth, is describes as one who is in failure (91:7-10). The development of the self, that is given the capacity to distinguish right from wrong (91:7), includes falling and standing and making choices. This process of growth is not focused on making faultless, sinless, pure good creatures (angels) at the end (4:31).The highest stage in that sense that is aimed at, is the level where there is mutual satisfaction reached between the self and God but also within the self as a whole (89:27).Also for the success of a person soul and self the ihsan is necessary element. As mention in Quran â€Å"Verily Allah likes from a doer of an action that when an action is performed, it is made beautiful (yuhsinahu)†Ã¢â‚¬ Allah is good and only accepts that which is good.† Related by Muslim (no. 1686)Ihsan entails acquiring good character trait. Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, â€Å"I was sent to perfect good character. â€Å"Also, come in hadith â€Å"The best of you in Islam are those who are most excellent in character as long as you deeply understand the religion.† [Ahmad, Sahih]The person who possess the character traits of ihsan and does his/her work with perfection are true successful people. These traits are: †¢ No harming and reciprocating harm †¢ Do not envy what people have †¢ Trust in Allah (Twakkul)If a person have these traits that is close to Allah and most satisfied. Sufism The Islamic philosophers have also dealt extensively with the question of happiness, which they, like the Sufis, associate in its essence with the abiding and the enduring and, following the Quran, with paradisal realities and the Hereafter. Ibn Sna? [in Latin, Avicenna], the prince of the Islamic philosopher-scientists whose influence pervades all later Islamic philosophy, associates happiness with purification of the soul and knowledge of the intelligible world, the world of light, from which it descended into this world. In his famous â€Å"Poem of the Soul,† he writes,15Why then was she [the soul] cast down from her high peakTo this degrading depth? God brought her low;But for a purpose wise, that is concealedE'en from the keenest mind and loveliest wit.And if the tangled mesh impeded her,The narrow cage denied her wings to soarFreely in heaven's high ranges; after allShe was a lightning-flash that brightly glowed Momentarily over the tents, and then was hidAs though its gleam was never glimpsed below. Ibn S?n?a? considers the happiness of the soul to be the result of the process of the soul to reach, through self-purification, the state of tajarrud, which can be attained not only in the Hereafter, but also in this life. Purification prepares the soul for the attainment of that knowledge that results in true happiness.16The Attainment of happiness and success (Conclusion)To understand and attain happiness is different thing. All religion and cultures know how to achieve transient happiness and success. But real challenge is achieving permanent happiness and success in this world and hereafter. In Islam, as in other authentic religions, that permanent state of happiness is attained by gaining not the freedom of the passionate self to receive whatever it desires, but freedom from desire and from the passionate self. 17.To attain permanent happiness, we must therefore remember who we really are, where we came from, why we are here, and where we are going. We must detach ourselves from fleeting pleasures and joys and seek permanent joy by attaching ourselves to the spiritual world, which is our original home and the only place where we shall attain permanent happiness. We must die before we die; die to the world here and now in order to gain eternal felicity in the life of the spirit and the intellect understood in its traditional sense. We must experience the happiness that issues from faith (ma?n), which provides for us security (ama?n) from all that would deprive us of happiness. 18Through faith, correct actions, prayer, and realized knowledge, we must break all the walls of ego, we must do so through compassion, charity, and through karam, which are bound to love and independent of selfishness and self-centeredness that are impediments of the attainment of happiness.Bibliography 1 Nasr, S. (2014). HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(01), pp.76-91. 2 (Alfarabi, â€Å"The Attainment of Happiness† 75) 3 There is a partial translation of this work by Claude Field, The Alchemy of Happiness of al-Ghazzali (Chicago: Kazi Publications, 2007). The critical edition of this text is edited by H?usayn Khad?w? jam (Tehran: Shirkat-I Saha?m-yi Kita?bha?-yi Jb, 1354 SH). There is also a later edition of this text edited by Manu?chihr Da?nishpazhu?h (Tehran: Ahl-i Qalam, 1381 SH).4 Altiner, s. (2015). Happiness. Theology and Religious Studies.5 Ibn Altiner, s. (2015). 6 Ibn Altiner, s. (2015).7 Lino, C. (2018). Positive Psychology Theory in a Nutshell. [online] Positivepsychologyprogram.com. Available at: https://positivepsychologyprogram.com/positive-psychology-theory/ [Accessed 11 May 2018].8 Riaz, D. (2018). [online] Szic.pk. Available at: https://www.szic.pk/journal/dec2015/4.pdf [Accessed 11 May 2018]. 9 See Gul B?a?ba? Sa'?d? ?,? Farhang-i isti?la?ha? ?t-i ‘irfan-yi Ibn ‘Arab (Tehran: Intisha?ra?t-i Shaf,? 1383 SH), 35610 Q. 2:201.11 Al-Suhrawardy, Allama Sir Abdullah al-Mamun, comp., The Sayings of Muhammad (New York: Citadel Press, 1990), 63.12 Muhammad ibn ?Abd Alla?h Khatb? al-Tabr?z? ?,? Mishka?t al-Masa?bh,? trans. James Robson (1970; repr., Lahore: Sh.Muhammad Ashraf, 1981), 2:99313 Nasr, S. (2014). HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Law and Religion, 29(01), pp.76-9114 Ibn ‘Arab, The Tarjuma?n al-ashwa?q, trans. Reynold A. Nicholson (London: Theosophical, 1978), 19, 67.15 ibid 8018 The House of Yoga. (2018). THE RELIGION OF LOVE BY IBN ARABI. [online] Available at: https://www.thehouseofyoga.com/magazine/religion-love-ibn-arabi [Accessed 11 May 2018].44 Arthur J. Arberry, â€Å"Avicenna: His Life and Times,† in G. M. Wickens, ed., Avicenna: Scientist ; Philosopher (London: Luzac, 1952), 28; See also S. H. Nasr, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993), 259–60.

Nursing in the Community Essay

In this assignment the topics discussed is a nursing problem related to a medical diagnosis taking from an example of a patient dealt with while the nursing student was out on clinical placement. For this assignment the patient has a diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Kevin Brophy (pseudonym) is a 9 year old boy that had come into the Paediatric Unit. He is of the Roman Catholic religion. He lives with only his mother and she is educated about his disease of Diabetes. His mother’s sister is a nurse also and knew how to manage his Diabetes and looked after him if his mother was busy. The multidisciplinary team have been treating him for the condition for 4 years. He gets hospitalized often to regulate his blood sugar levels and monitor his insulin intake. The nursing problem associated with his diagnosis is related to his diet and nutritional status and being able to monitor these with caution and ease. The nurse had a form for filling out what had he eaten that day and wha t time this had happened at in the ‘end of bed’ chart which was with his other documentation such as his vital signs and also the fluid balance intake and output chat. There was also a section in this form for documenting what level his blood sugars were and was directed to take record of them after every meal. The nurse then had an idea  of what sort of food he was eating and also a report of his blood sugars which were monitored closely throughout the day. The nurses primary responsibility was to ensure this boy was eating correctly and following the dietary guidelines of a Diabetic patient. The model of assessment/care used to treat Kevin was devised from Roper, Logan and Tierney (1980). The Roper, Logan and Tierney’s’ activity of living (AL) model of nursing consists of twelve activities of living. According to Aggleton & Chalmers (2000 P46), â€Å"Each AL specifies a relatively distinct type of human behaviour related to meeting a particular need.† Information was obtained from a booklet containing facts and advice on Diabetes and Healthy Eating from the Department of Health and Dietetics in Waterford Regional Hospital. This has described diabetes as a condition where the body is unable to control the amount of glucose i.e. sugar in the blood. Everyone’s blood has some glucose in it because your body needs glucose for energy. Normally your body breaks food down into glucose and sends it to the bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps to get the glucose from the bloodstream into the cells to be used for energy. In people with Type 2 Diabetes, the pancreas is not making enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin properly, or both. In people with Type 1 Diabetes, the pancreas is unable to make insulin full stop. Without insulin in the body, the blood glucose rises (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Waterford Regional Hospital 2006). To manage diabetes in paediatrics is primarily challenging and m uch more complicated than dealing with the diagnosis in adults with Diabetes (DH Diabetes Policy Team 2007, Christie et al 2009). Nurses have to educate and facilitate the self management of Diabetes and also introduce skills to gain the best possible control over the patient’s blood sugars i.e. glycaemic control. If these skills are not executed properly then diseases such as micro-vascular e.g. nephropathy or retinopathy or cardiovascular diseases (macro-vascular), which decreases the quality of life and a reduced life span (The Diabetes Control and Complications Study Group,1994). The nurses and patients responsibility is to monitor and control the intake of food and also be educated on what can have a negative or positive effect on the body. This is a major nursing problem associated with the Diabetic patient and  intervention by the nurse is necessary throughout. In doing so, the nurse must follow the Nursing Process in relation to their diet. Assessment Patients diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes are assessed for signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, including ketonuria, Kussmaul respirations, orthostatic hypotension, and lethargy. The patient is asked about symptoms of DKA, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Laboratory results are monitored for metabolic acidosis (i.e. decreased pH and decreased bicarbonate level) and for electrolyte imbalance. If the patient exhibits signs and symptoms of DKA, the nursing care first focuses on treatment of these acute complications, as outlined earlier. Once these complications are resolving, nursing care then focuses on long-term management of diabetes. The patient’s emotional status is assessed by observing his or her general demeanour (e.g., withdrawn, anxious) and body language (e.g., avoids eye contact). The patient is asked about major concerns and fears about diabetes; this allows the nurse to assess for any misconceptions or misinformation regarding diabetes. The nurse is also asse ssing the vital signs of the patient such as temperature, respiration, blood pressure etc. and develops a baseline of these results. In this case the patients normal vital signs were as follows : Temperature- 36.4ââ€" ¦, Blood Pressure- 114/70, Respiration rate- 18 breaths per minute. Nursing Diagnosis Based on the assessment data, the main diagnoses the nurse must adhere to are as following: Risk for fluid volume deficit in relation to polyuria and dehydration, imbalanced nutrition related to imbalance of insulin, food, and physical activity. The main ones that are focussed on in this essay are the imbalance of insulin and the patient’s diet. Planning The major goals for the patient may include maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, optimal control of blood glucose levels. The nurse would plan suitable charts and regimes for the patient to follow. Intake and  output are measured. IV fluids and electrolytes are administered as prescribed, and oral fluid intake is encouraged when it is permitted. Vital signs are monitored hourly for signs of dehydration (tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension) along with assessment of breath sounds, level of consciousness, presence of oedema, and cardiac status. If the patient agrees with the diet plan and increases his fruit and vegetable intake this can highly optimise nutritional health, promote a healthy image and reduce the chances of obesity (Lock et al., 2005). In Diabetes, diet is a chief obstacle in the control of the condition (Watson et. al 1997). The patient’s goals in agreeing with a healthy diet for their Diabetes are as follows: 1) To regulate and sustain lipid levels an d blood glucose back to their normal state. 2) To avoid fluctuations in their blood glucose levels during the day. 3) To manage and control a desirable body weight. 4) To prevent or hinder the growth or advancement of renal, neurological or cardiovascular difficulties (Watson et. al 1997). The nurse should introduce a dietary plan for the patient with the Diabetes. This controls the amount of calories that are needed for each day and the magnitude of these calories to be assigned to carbohydrate, protein and lipids. This is determined by a person’s age, weight, gender, activity and their dietary intake before they discovered the disease. In general, the amount of targeted calories allocated to each food type is in the region of 50-60% carbohydrate, 10-15% protein and under 30% of fat (Rees and Williams,1995). In the diet, the concentrated sugars should be strictly limited e.g. sweets, jam, cake, and should only represent a minute part of a meal to prevent rapid increase in the blood sugar levels. The unrefined carbohydrates such as whole-meal bread, fruit and vegetables, and also fibre-rich f oods, should be consumed as an alternative to the refined carbohydrates as mentioned before. Implementation Meal planning is put into practice, with the control of glucose as the primary goal. The nurse must consider factors before beginning to intervene such as the patient’s lifestyle, cultural background, activity level, and their food preferences. A suitable caloric intake allows the patient to achieve and maintain the desired body weight. The nurse would encourage the  patient to eat complete and wholesome meals including snacks that have been prescribed in the diet that the team has devised for Kevin. The nurse needs to take into consideration of the fluid intake and keeps records of IV and other fluid intake, also record urine output measurements. Hypoglycaemia is the most dreaded acute difficulty in the disease of Diabetes, and can be a major factor in the hindering of the metabolic control in the body. Night-time hypoglycaemia states, more common in the paediatric side of Diabetes, places an immense worry for the child themselves but also the parents, as it more likely to go unnoticed and care for (Nordfeldt S, Ludvigsson J 2005). Hypoglycaemia may occur if the patient skips or delays meals, does not follow the prescribed meal plan, or greatly increases the amount of exercise without modifying food intake and insulin. In addition, hospitalized patients or outpatients who fast in preparation for diagnostic testing are at risk for hypoglycaemia. Juice, milk, or glucose tablets are used for treatment of hypoglycaemia. The patient is encouraged to eat full meals and snacks as prescribed in the meal plan. If hypoglycaemia is a recurring problem, the whole dietary plan must be looked over and improved if needed. The risk of hypoglycaemia with rigorous insulin routines, it is of the utmost importance for the nurse to review with the patient the signs and symptoms, possible causes, and measures for prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia. The nurse should emphasise to the patient and family the importance of having information on diabetes at home for refer ence. Evaluation After putting this plan into practice, the nurse found that it helped in the treatment and care of Kevin Brophy in managing and controlling his Diabetes. After following the Roper Logan and Tierney model of Nursing it helped understand his Activities of Daily Living and how the patient could work his new dietary plan into these ADL’s and control his blood glucose to prevent hypoglycaemia. Kevin will also be able to be knowledgeable of and carry out duties in a way to control his diabetes mellitus and also maintain adequate fluid volume in the body. He will be able to monitor his blood glucose periodically throughout the day, administer his own insulin, increase his own fluid balance and monitor his urine output. He should demonstrate a participation in activities that include having a proper diet, exercise and  lifestyle (Palandri, M.K. 1993). He also should be wary of and identify community, outpatient resources for obtaining further diabetes education. Conclusion To conclude, Kevin will need continuous assessment and advice on managing and controlling his Diabetes diagnosis. He will need support from his mother and also help from the multidisciplinary team that works with him and his mother in the hospital. In following the Roper Logan and Tierney model he will then be able to manage his ADL’s better and be more understanding with the condition of Diabetes. He will be able to control his dietary intake and follow a routine throughout life to deal with his diagnosis. References Aggleton, P., Chalmers, H. (2000)Nursing Models and Nursing Practice. (2nd edn). London: Macmillan. Lock, K., Pomerleau, J., Causer, L., Altmann, D.R. & McKee, M. (2005) The global burden of disease attributable to low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Bull. World. Health. Organ. 83, 100–8. Nordfeldt S, Ludvigsson J. Fear and other disturbances of severe Hypoglycaemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 18: 83–91. Palandri, M.K. and Sorrentino, C.R. (1993). Black and Matassarin – Jacobs, Pocket Companion for Luckmann and Sorensen’s Medical – Surgical Nursing: A Psychophysiologic Approach. 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders. The Diabetes Control and complications Study Group (1994) Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. J. Pediatr. 125, 177–188. Waterford Regional Hospital (2006) Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Watson et. al (1997) Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences 5th edn. Bailliere Tindall, 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX. Patricia Power Sorcha Dineen Miriam Cass 20053881 Patricia Chesser Smyth Nursing in the Community Module Leaders

Air Pollution Essay Example

Air Pollution Essay Example Air Pollution Essay Air Pollution Essay Did you know that certain human activities are the primary source of pollution? Pollution can be caused by numerous things rather they are living or non living. In order to ensure that air pollution does not get out of control; a plan will need to be put in to motion. Air Pollution is another major problem that has not be resolved. It is known that an issue of the magnitude like air pollution cannot be resolved over night. It is stated that the air is 99. 9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor, and inert gases. As humans we depend on the air around us to live, without air we as humans would not survive very long without quality air. Although we rely on air as a much needed source in order to stay alive, the air is still loaded with and polluted with chemicals and other harmful particles. Pollution of the atmosphere and the air around us is air pollution, and this is becoming more popular everyday. There are several specific types of air pollution that include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and holes in the ozone layer. The types are tremendously harmful to the environment and it can be harmful to any living thing that breathes in the harmful air. Acid rain can destroy the environment as well as manmade objects. Acid rain has been known to destroy building structures, sidewalks, roads and etc. Acid rain can also destroy farmer’s crop. Air pollution is an issue that has been around for years, now that it is starting to get out of control people are starting to notice the issue Air pollution is a mixture or individual chemicals, particulate matter that causes harm to human or other living things. Air pollution can be harmful to the human race more than they realize. An average of 200 people die from complication due to air pollutions or issues related to air pollution, in Tucson. Smog is the most familiar form of pollution, this form of pollution is easily recognized because it hangs over the area it is located. Pollutants can come from numerous things even sources that some people wouldn’t even think put out pollutants. One of those unfamiliar sources is a swap. A swap puts out greenhouse gases called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and methane; those gases also come from livestock. Air pollution comes from car exhausts, this sources of pollution is the number one cause of air pollution. This form of pollution is so well known because there is not a day that goes by that a car is not being driven. Although air pollution is still an issue it has improved a lot over the past thirty years. It is noted that it would take 20 of today’s vehicles to put out the same amount of emissions as the 1960 vehicles. Carbon monoxide emissions have decreased by over 20 percent in the past few years. It has been stated that with the attempts the make the Earth a â€Å"greener† place that the Earth’s future looks brighter and brighter by the day. Although air pollution causes harm to the environment there are certain things in the environment can cause air pollution as well. Volcano eruption can cause air pollution; the smoke from the volcano is the reason for the pollution from the volcano. Sulfur dioxide from the volcanic eruption reacts with sunlight, oxygen; water in the air and other particles plays a major part in creating â€Å"vog†, which is volcanic smog. The emissions that come from burning coal also are a part of air pollution. Human activity plays a factor in air pollution rather it’s positive or negative. There are people that are doing what they need to do to ensure that they are reducing are pollution. Some people are reducing their driving habits. The way they are reducing their driving habits is by car pooling. Another thing that is being done is having certain people in the community take turns doing things all at once. Those things could be going to the store and doing a little grocery shopping for anyone that needs anything. To ensure that the progression of air pollution is slowed down or even put to a stop. I propose that a plan is put into motion. First part of this plan is the make the public aware of the issues with air pollution. One of the issues with air pollution is that people are unaware of the signs of air pollution, the different types of air pollution, as well as ways to reduce air pollution. In order to make the public aware the government will have to se numerous ways to display the effects of air pollution. Putting the information in a text book will only be noticed by a certain group of people. I believe that the best way to reach the public is to inform them via internet, television and the radio. Those three forms of communication are used on a daily bases, that way the public will be aware in more ways than one. The government should also go to the cities that have a high leve l of air pollution and hold conventions or meetings to inform the communities of the harm they are causing to the environment. In order to make sure that the community gets the idea, it should be made mandatory that anyone who operates anything that puts out a lot of emissions come to the meetings. Getting this organized could take at least five months, because the places will have to decide upon. After the cities are determined then an area within the city has to be booked for the event. This process will take about four to five months at the most to complete. The second step in this plan is to pass law to make sure that everyone takes air pollution seriously. One thing that should be done is to make sure that the pollution is minimized is to make sure that vehicles get a routine oil change and inspection. Getting a routine oil change will help keep the car from putting out harmful fumes. If citizens with vehicles do not want to abide by that rule then they should have to pay a fine. The money that is collected from the people that break that law will be used to take care of the air pollution. Although some people will break that law, the government cannot depend on that money for funding to minimize air pollution. The government will have to create a fund for air pollution, the fund will be used to do further research, purchase the equipment needed to help solve the problem and so forth. This portion of the plan will take a few months to a year to get accomplished because the law has to go through a process to determine if the law is worth passing. Once the law is passed then the government has to notify the public about the new law which should take no longer than a month or two. I truly believe that this plan would truly be beneficial to the environment and the human race. It will help minimize air pollution or even eliminate air pollution. Eliminating air pollution will help the human race because it will make breathing so much better for the people with breathing issues. References *   EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency. (). Air Info Now. Retrieved from airinfonow. com/html/faq. html#Q3 * National Geographic. (1996-2010). National Geographic. Retrieved from http://environment. nationalgeographic. com/environment/global-warming/pollution-overview. html * Air Pollution Statistics. Retrieved from http://greenliving. lovetoknow. com/Air_Pollution_Statistics

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English

Definition and Examples of Echo Utterances in English An echo utterance is  speech that repeats, in whole or in part, what has just been said by another speaker. Sometimes called simply echo. An  echo utterance, says  Ãƒâ€œscar Garcà ­a Agustà ­n, isnt necessarily an utterance attributable to a specific person; it can refer to a group of people or even to popular wisdom (Sociology of Discourse, 2015).  A direct question that repeats part or all of something which someone else has just said is called an echo question. Examples and Observations Claire Dunphy: All right, everybody back to work!Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: Everybody back to work!Claire Dunphy: I just said that.Gloria Delgado-Pritchett: And I co-said it.(Julie Bowen and Sofà ­a Vergara, Dance Dance Revelation. Modern Family, 2010) Olivia: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up. We got to get outta here.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that. Where are you going?Cassie: If the temperature is dropping, this mess could freeze up.Olivia: I just said that.Cassie: We got to get out of here.Olivia: I just said that!(Marsha A. Jackson, Sisters. The National Black Drama Anthology, ed. by Woodie King. Applause Theater Books, 1995) Echo Utterances and Meanings We repeat one another. This is how we learn to talk. We repeat one another, and we repeat ourselves. An  echo utterance is a type of spoken language that repeats, in whole or in part, whats just been said by another speaker, often with contrasting, ironic, or contradictory meaning. How old are you, Bob asks.Nineteen, Gigi says.He says nothing, as this does not deserve the courtesy of response.Seventeen, she says.Seventeen?Well, not quite, she says. Sixteen until I get to my next birthday.Sixteen? Bob asks. SIX-teen?Well, maybe not exactly, she says. (Jane Vandenburgh,  Architecture of the Novel: A Writers Handbook. Counterpoint, 2010) Echo Utterances and Attitudes Wolfram Bublitz, Neal R. Norrick,  A phenomenon that is not extra communicative and still represents hardly an instance of metacommunication is the so-called  echo-utterance, where the speaker echoes the preceding speaker by repeating some linguistic material yet giving a specific turn to it . . ..  Echo statements such as in the following example  usually just convey attitudes toward the propositional state of affairs quoted/echoed. He: Its a lovely day for a picnic.[They go for a picnic and it rains.]She: (sarcastically) Its a lovely day for a picnic, indeed.(Sperber and Wilson, 1986: 239) (Axel Hà ¼bler, Metapragmatics. Foundations of Pragmatics, ed. by  Wolfram Bublitz et al. Walter de Gruyter, 2011) The Fifth Type of Sentence The traditional classification of major sentences recognizes statements, questions, commands . . . and exclamations. But there is a fifth type of sentence, used only in dialogue, whose function is to confirm, question, or clarify what the previous speaker has just said. This is the echo utterance.Echo utterance structure reflects that of the preceding sentence, which it repeats in whole or in part. All types of sentences can be echoes. StatementsA: John didnt like the filmB: He didnt what?Questions:A: Have you got my knife?B: Have I got your wife?!Directives:A: Sit down here.B: Down there?Exclamations:A: What a lovely day!B: What a lovely day, indeed! Usage Echoes sometimes sound impolite unless accompanied by an apologetic softening phrase, such as Im sorry or I beg your pardon. This is most noticeable with the question What did you say?  often shortened to What? Dont say what, say pardon is a common parental plea to children.(David Crystal, Rediscover Grammar. Pearson Longman, 2004) Read More Broken-Record ResponseConversation AnalysisRepetitionSpeech ActUtterance